Objective: In this study, we sought to assess pediatric residents’ level of knowledge about the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of urinary tract infection in children.

Methods: This survey was a descriptive study applied to pediatric residents. In the study, a questionnaire form prepared by researchers consisting of questions about socio-demographic features, about the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of urinary tract infection in children was used.

Results: Eighty-eight physicians participated in this research. The percentage of participants who correctly indicated urine culture based on the results of routine urinalysis in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection ranged from 95.5% to 96.6. 54.5% of participants (n=48) correctly identified the indication for ultrasonography in children with acute urinary tract infection. 67.0% (n=59) of the participants answered that Mercaptuacetyltriglycin was not appropriate for initial evaluation of recurrent urinary tract infection under the age of one year, while 33.0% (n=29) answered the question incorrectly. In clinical scenarios, 48.9% (n=43.0) participants made the proper decision for treatment of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-positive E. coli treatment.

Conclusion: In conclusion, pediatric residents had appropriate training and experience in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in children. However, over half of the residents lacked sufficient training in the management of resistant bacteria and additional radiological imaging techniques. Considering this, we believe it will be good to keep the knowledge updated concerning the treatment and follow-up of children with urinary tract infection through in-service training and post-graduate education.

Keywords: Pediatric residents, urinary tract infection, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, radiological imaging